Livestock handling apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

Apparatus for loading live poultry into open-topped containers (19) comprise a plurality (preferably three) loading units (28) arranged side by side so that each loading unit (28) is aligned with a column of containers (19) accommodated in a standard module (18). Each loading unit has a batching receptacle (33) to receive a batch of poultry (of predetermined weight or number) corresponding to the capacity of one of the open-topped containers (19) which are in turn withdrawn from the module (18), loaded with a batch of poultry and then returned to the module, each loading unit (28) shifting vertically as successive containers are loaded with poultry. A separate catching vehicle (54) may be used to catch the poultry and deliver it to the apparatus.

This invention relates to livestock handling apparatus and in particularto apparatus for loading poultry into containers. The invention alsorelates to a method of loading poultry into containers.

Conventionally, when live poultry in a growing house is ready to beslaughtered, the poultry is loaded into open-topped containers in theform of drawers a number of which, e.g. twelve, are accommodated in amodule. The loaded modules are moved by a fork-lift truck onto a lorrywhich transports the modules to a processing factory at which the birdsare unloaded and slaughtered. The process of catching the birds andloading them into the open-topped containers is generally done byoperatives and is therefore labour intensive. The invention aims toautomate the process of loading the poultry into the containers.

According to one aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus forloading poultry into containers, comprising a batching receptacle forreceiving a batch of poultry corresponding to the capacity of acontainer, the batching receptacle having an input to receive thepoultry and an output to discharge the poultry, the batching receptaclebeing operable to move the poultry from the input to the output, andshifting means for moving a container into the apparatus for loading thecontainer with a batch of poultry from the batching receptacle and fordischarging a loaded container from the apparatus. Preferably, thecontainers are open-topped containers.

Preferably, the batching receptacle has in its base a conveyor which isoperative to move the poultry from an input end to an output endthereof, at which a movable door or flap may be provided, the door orflap being movable between a closed position in which it closes theoutput end and prevents the poultry leaving the batching receptacle andan open position in which poultry in the batching receptacle is allowedto pass into an open-topped container moved into the apparatus forloading thereof.

The batching receptacle may have sensing means which sense the weight ofpoultry in the batching receptacle and which, when a predeterminedweight of poultry is reached, causes the door or flap to move to theopen position to allow unloading of the batch of poultry from thebatching receptacle into the appropriate container. Alternatively, thebatching receptacle may batch by counting the number of birds in thebatching receptacle and causing the door or flap to move to its openposition when a predetermined number of birds has been received in thebatching receptacle.

The batching receptacle may be vertically movable so as to be capable ofalignment with a selected container in a stack or tier of containersaccommodated in a module, in this case a loading conveyor which deliverspoultry to the batching receptacle being capable of moving in a verticalplane to accommodate this vertical movement of the batching receptacle.As an alternative to the batching receptacle being shiftable vertically,the module may be vertically shiftable and the batching receptacle heldstationary.

To increase poultry handling capacity, and to enable the apparatus tofunction with a standard module accommodating an array or matrix ofcontainers, the batching receptacle and the shifting means preferablyforms one loading unit of a plurality of such units arranged side byside and in respective alignment with the columns of the containers inthe module, operation of the apparatus then being synchronised so thatthe loading conveyor is moveable horizontally to load the batchingreceptacles in turn, each hatching receptacle and the associatedshifting means loading containers from successive levels of theappropriate tier of containers in turn, such that the capacity of theapparatus to batch the poultry matches the delivery rate of poultry tothe apparatus by the loading conveyor.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a methodof loading poultry into containers, comprising delivering the poultry toa batching receptacle until the receptacle contains a quantity ofpoultry corresponding to the capacity of a container, at which thesupply to the receptacle is interrupted and the batch of poultry in thereceptacle is delivered to a container occupying a loading positionbeneath the receptacle.

Preferably, the poultry is loaded into a succession of containers, eachempty container being withdrawn from a module to occupy the loadingposition wherein it is filled with a batch of poultry and then replacedin the module as a filled container, a subsequent container then beingwithdrawn and filled in a process which sequentially fills thecontainers in the module.

Apparatus according to the invention is preferably rendered mobile bybeing mounted on wheels, for example on a trailer pulled by a primemover such as a tractor, or on the load area of a truck or lorry, such acombination then constituting a mobile poultry packing machine. In apreferred arrangement, poultry is supplied to the packing machine at areceiving location, conveyors being provided to convey the poultry fromthe receiving location to the series of batching receptacles. Thereceiving location may be constituted by a catching unit, mounted on thefront end of an arm which swings from side to side to gather poultryfrom a poultry house. However, a disadvantage of this arrangement isthat the packing machine is a fairly bulky vehicle and the catching unitmay not be able to reach all areas of poultry houses many of which havetheir internal areas interrupted by stanchions or posts supporting lowroofs.

To overcome this possible disadvantage, apparatus according to theinvention may be supplied with poultry by means of a separate catchingvehicle capable of moving (independently of the apparatus) to catch livepoultry, typically in a poultry house, and bring the poultry to areceiving point, such as a hopper, from where the poultry are conveyedto the series of batching receptacles.

The catching vehicle is preferably sufficiently compact and maneuverableto enable it to reach virtually all parts of the floor area of a typicalpoultry house, being able to pass into aisles defined by internal postsor stanchions in the house and being able to pass between such posts orstanchions. The catching vehicle may be comparable in size to a gardenor horticultural tractor, and the latter may form the basic motive powerunit for the catching vehicle.

A preferred embodiment of catching vehicle has a pair of conveyorarrangements on respective sides of the catching vehicle, the front endof each conveyor arrangement being equipped with a poultry catching headand the rear end being equipped with a flap controllably movable betweena closed position closing the rear end of the corresponding conveyorarrangement and an open position in which poultry can be delivered fromthe rear end of the conveyor arrangement to the receiving point on thepacking machine.

Each conveyor arrangement may itself be liftable between a loweredpoultry-gathering position and a raised poultry-discharging position,and each conveyor arrangement may include a foremost elevating conveyor,extending upwardly and rearwardly towards an accumulating conveyor atthe rear of which is located the controllably movable flap.

The receiving hopper at the receiving point of the packing machine maycomprise a transport conveyor for conveying poultry away from the hopperand loading means for progressively loading poultry within the hopperinto the transport conveyor, so that a substantially uniform flow rateof poultry from the hopper is achieved. Conveniently, the loading meanscomprise two base panels positioned on respective sides of the transportconveyor, the base panels being pivotable about substantially horizontalaxes to respective raised positions in which each base panel is inclineddownwardly towards the transport conveyor so that progressive pivotalmovement of the two base panels from lowered positions thereof causesprogressive delivery of poultry within the hopper onto the transportconveyor.

Apparatus according to the invention will now be described, by way ofexample, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an assembly for gathering and loading poultry,the assembly including the batching apparatus according to theinvention,

FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the assembly of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the batching apparatus shown in itsoperative position beside a module accommodating containers,

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a loading unit of the batching apparatus,

FIGS. 5 to 15 are diagrammatic views showing the operating sequence ofthe apparatus.

FIG. 16 is a side elevation of apparatus similar to FIG. 2 but modifiedto incorporate a hopper,

FIG. 17 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 16,

FIG. 18 is a fragmentary end view of the hopper of the apparatus ofFIGS. 16 and 17,

FIG. 19 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIGS. 16 and 17 in use in apoultry shed in combination with a catching vehicle,

FIG. 20 is a side view of the catching vehicle,

FIG. 21 is a plan view of the catching vehicle,

FIG. 22 is a diagrammatic side view illustrating the operation of thecatching vehicle,

FIGS. 23 and 24 illustrates two ways of operating the inventiveapparatus which are possible alternatives to the operative arrangementof FIG. 19,

FIGS. 25 and 26 are respectively a side elevation and plan viewillustrating a conveyor modified to incorporate a counter,

FIGS. 27 and 28 are respectively a side elevation and plan viewillustrating a lorry having a load area carrying a modified form ofapparatus, and

FIGS. 29 to 33 respectively show in sequence the operation of a modifiedarrangement of batching apparatus, illustrated in diagrammatic manner.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a complete assembly for gathering live poultry,normally chickens, and loading them into containers in the form ofopen-topped drawers. The assembly comprises a tractor 1 drawing awheeled trailer 2 having a chassis 3 supported by a pair ofground-engaging wheels 4. The tractor 1 and trailer 2 are capable ofrelative articulating movement about a vertical pivot axis 5 passingthrough the towing point. Forwardly of the tractor 1 projects aninclined elevating conveyor 6 the extreme lower end of which terminatesin a poultry catching unit 7. The elevating conveyor 6 is capable ofpivotal movement, with respect to the tractor 1, about a substantiallyvertical pivot axis 8 so that the catching unit 7 can be swung in anarcuate movement in front of the tractor, as indicated by thedouble-headed arrow 9 in FIG. 1.

The upper end of the elevating conveyor 6 is aligned with the forwardend of a transfer conveyor 10 mounted on the tractor 1. The rear end ofthe transfer conveyor 10 communicates with the front end of a loadingconveyor 12 which is capable of pivotal movement with respect to thetractor 1 about two orthogonal axes, namely a vertical axis coincidentwith the axis 5 and a horizontal transverse axis 13. As a result, theloading conveyor 12 can swing, with respect to the tractor 1, in agenerally horizontal plane as indicated by the arrow 14 in FIG. 1, andin a generally vertical plane as indicated by the arrow 15 in FIG. 2.This enables the rear end 16 of the loading conveyor 12 to deliverpoultry to the hatching apparatus of the invention, this apparatus beingindicated generally at 17 in FIGS. 1 and 2. It will be noted that theapparatus 17 occupies a forward portion of the chassis 3, the rearportion of which is occupied by means for supporting and moving modules18 holding the drawers 19.

The tractor 1 is driven forwardly into an area, such as a growing house,containing poultry and the elevating conveyor 6 is swung from side toside so that the catching unit 7 sweeps across an area in front of thetractor 1 and gathers live chickens which pass up the elevating conveyor6, along the transfer conveyor 10 and then into the loading conveyor 12whence they are delivered to the batching apparatus 17 which operates tofill the drawers 19 of each module 18 with live poultry.

It will be appreciated that the conveyors 6, 10 and 12 are provided withcovers to prevent the poultry escaping.

Referring to FIG. 1, when the module 18 is in the position 22, thedrawers in the module 18 are filled successively by the batchingapparatus 17 until all the drawers are filled. The filled module 18 isthen moved to occupy position 24, (shown unoccupied in FIG. 1) ready tobe removed by a fork-lift truck as indicated by arrow 23. A module ofempty containers in position 20 is moved to position 22, a module ofempty containers being moved into position 20 by the fork-lift truck, asindicated by the arrow 25. Movement of the modules on the trailer fromposition 20 to position 22 and from position 22 to position 24 iseffected by a chain drive on the trailer 2 which is driven inintermittent fashion in synchronism with the operation of the batchingassembly 17.

Instead of using the described poultry catching unit 7 together with theelevating conveyor 6 these two items could be omitted and the front ofthe tractor 1 could be fitted with a receiving hopper or reservoir forlive poultry from which the poultry is fed direct to the batchingapparatus 17 via conveyors 10 and 12. An arrangement utilising a hopperis described subsequently.

The invention is principally concerned with the batching apparatus 17which receives the poultry from the loading conveyor 12 and which thenloads the drawers 19 in the modules 18, and the following description ismainly devoted to the explanation of the structure and operation of thehatching apparatus 17.

Referring to FIG. 3, in which the trailer 2 is omitted, the batchingapparatus 17 comprises a frame 26 on which is mounted by a scissors lift27 an assembly of three loading units 28 arranged side by side. Besidethe apparatus is illustrated the module 18 (in position 22) consistingof a rectangular frame accommodating open-topped containers each in theform of an open-topped plastics drawer 19. The module 18 accommodatestwelve drawers 19, arranged in three tiers or columns each consisting offour drawers.

A representative one of the loading units 28 is shown in FIG. 4. Theloading unit 28 has a support frame 29 of the upper part of which ismounted, by pivot arms 30, 32, a tray-like receptacle 33 consisting oftwo spaced side panels 34, an end panel 35, a movable flap 36 and aconveyor 37 movable in the direction of the arrow 38 by means of amotor/gearbox 39. There are two pivot arms 30, 32 on each side of theloading unit, and each pivot arm takes the form of a bell-crank leverpivotally mounted in a respective bearing 40, 42 on the support frame29. The horizontal lever arm of the lever 30 is pivotally mounted on acorresponding side panel 34 and the upper ends of the vertical leversare interconnected by a link 43. When a weight is placed on the conveyor37, the tray-like receptacle 33 tends to move downwards with attendantpivoting of the pivot arms 30, 32, this tendency being opposed by acounterweight 44. This arrangement provides the receptacle with a weightsensor and renders the receptacle 33 weight sensitive.

The support frame 29 also supports a carriage for withdrawing individualdrawers from the module 18 for loading with poultry and for pushingloaded drawers back into the module. The carriage is hidden from view inFIG. 4 but is shown diagrammatically at 45 in FIGS. 5 to 15. Thecarriage 45 is movable horizontally in the support frame 29 between afully retracted position (FIGS. 7, 8 and 9) and a fully extendedposition (FIG. 6). The carriage 45 is driven by a motor/gearbox shown at46 in FIG. 4. The carriage 45 presents a hook 47 (or hooks) which facesthe module 18 and which is engageable with an individual drawer 19, sothat return movement of the carriage 45 pulls the drawer 19 out of themodule 18 into a loading position in which the drawer 19 is locatedbeneath the conveyor 37, ready to be filled with a batch of poultry onthe conveyor 37. To facilitate sliding movement of the drawers 19, theupper surface of the support frame 29 carries guide rails 48 (FIG. 4).

The receptacle 33 is in practice provided with a top cover whichprevents escape of poultry but which is omitted from the drawings forclarity. The cover is arranged to allow poultry to enter the receptacle33 from the end 16 of the conveyor 12.

Considering the apparatus to be in the position shown in FIG. 3, assumethat the conveyor 12 is about to deliver poultry to the left-hand unit28 in FIG. 3, i.e. the upper unit 28 as viewed in the plan of FIG. 1.FIGS. 5 to 15 are diagrammatic views of the apparatus 17 on looking inthe same direction as FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 5, the unit 28 isinitially empty of poultry, the carriage 45 is at its rest position andthe module 18 contains twelve empty drawers 19. The end 16 of theconveyor 12 is positioned above the end panel 35 so that chickens 50 aredelivered onto the conveyor 37. This is driven in an incrementalstepwise fashion so that the chickens are moved from the inlet end ofthe conveyor 37 towards the outlet end thereof where the flap 36 is inits closed position. In FIGS. 5 to 15, the flap 36 is shown as twopivoted flaps, one closing the output end of the receptacle and theother closing the gap over the drawer 19. The two flaps may be separatebut linked or may be provided by a single component suitably shaped.

The carriage 45 is then moved towards the module 18, the hook 47engaging the end of the topmost drawer 19 of the stack of drawers withwhich the unit is aligned (FIG. 6). Retraction of the carriage 45 causesthe drawer 19 to be pulled into the apparatus (FIG. 7). The drawer 19 iswithdrawn from the module 18 sufficiently for the drawer to be loadedwith poultry from the conveyor 37, but the drawer 19 is not completelywithdrawn from the module 18, so avoiding the need for re-registrationof drawer and module compartment when the loaded drawer is pushed backinto the module.

At this point in the cycle (FIG. 8), the conveyor 37 is continuing tomove incrementally and is therefore filling with poultry from theconveyor 12, the flap 36 being closed and preventing poultry escapingfrom the output end of the conveyor 37. When a predetermined weight ofpoultry has been loaded onto the conveyor 37, the weight sensorassociated with the receptacle 33 trips. This causes the conveyor 12 tostop, the flap 36 to open and the conveyor 37 to be driven in acontinuous movement to unload the batch of poultry into the open toppeddrawer 19 below (FIG. 9). As loading of the drawer proceeds, thecarriage 45 pushes the drawer 19 towards the module 18 (FIG. 10). Thespeed of movement of the drawer 19 preferably corresponds to the speedof movement of the conveyor 37 but these speeds could differ.

The drawer 19 stops momentarily with its trailing end under the outletend of the conveyor 37 which continues to be driven to transfer anybirds remaining on the conveyor 37 into the drawer 19 (FIG. 11). Theflap 36 closes to cover the end of the drawer and also to close theoutlet end of the conveyor 37 (FIG. 12). Hence, the batch of poultrywhich had previously been in the receptacle 33 and which has apredetermined weight corresponding to the capacity of the drawer 19 hasnow been transferred to the drawer 19.

Continued movement of the carriage 45 pushes the drawer 19 back into itscompartment in the module 18. The hook 47 is lifted (FIG. 13) todisengage the carriage 45 and drawer, and the conveyor 37, together withits weight sensor, is reset. The conveyor 12 is restarted, the conveyor37 resumes its incremental movement and the carriage returns to itsinitial rest position with its hook 47 raised. On reaching the initialrest position, the hook 47 is lowered (FIG. 14). The loading unit 28 isnow shifted vertically downwards, by means of the scissor lift 27, sothat the carriage 45 is at the appropriate position to withdraw thedrawer at the next lower level. This drawer 19 is then filled withpoultry by a repetition of the sequence described above. The drawers 19at the two lower levels are sequentially filled in a comparable manner,after which the scissor lift raises the unit to the top drawer levelready for the process to be repeated on the next module.

The loading unit 28 shown in FIG. 4 is triplicated in the apparatusshown in FIG. 3 to provide the complete apparatus with sufficientpoultry-handling capacity. In use, the conveyor 12 moves step-wise andhorizontally above the three loading units 28 so as to load the units insequence. When all the drawers 19 in a module 18 are filled withpoultry, the module is shifted to position 24 ready to be removed by afork lift truck, as previously described.

The sequence of operations performed by the apparatus is controlled bysoftware. The capacity of the apparatus to fill the drawers matches theexpected delivery rate of poultry to produce an efficient automatedloading process which avoids handling by operatives and causes minimumdistress to the poultry.

The described apparatus and method can be modified in a number of ways,including:

(1) The inch rate of the conveyor 37 when being loaded can be determinedby either:

(a) Direct speed ratio adjustment with conveyor 12

(b) Sensing of birds present on conveyor 12 and operating weightconveyor belt drive only when birds present

(c) A combination of (a) and (b).

(d) by sensing the volume and/or weight of birds on the conveyor 37.

(2) The conveyor 37 can be designed to either use a deadweightcounterbalance mechanism with variable tare weight or alternatively beload cell mounted.

(3) If birds are counted then the conveyor 37 is used purely fortransfer to the drawer.

(4) The birds could be counted either on the conveyor 12 or the conveyor37.

(5) The gate flap 36 can be either:

(a) Free pivoting

(b) Externally actuated

(c) Actuates in conjunction with drawer flap.

(6) The drawer flap can be externally actuated independently oralternatively actuated in conjunction with another part of themechanism.

(7) The drawer pull carriage 45 has an attachment means which capturesthe drawer. In this example a hook 47 has been used but other methodsare possible.

(8) It is possible to load birds into the drawer when it is being movedin either direction, therefore, for example, it is possible during thestages of FIGS. 10 and 11 to push or pull the drawer during loading,provided that the drawer always remains under the drawer flap aperture.Similarly, the drawer pull out could be halted during the stage of FIG.7 so that the drawer halts under the end of the conveyor 37 (sameposition as FIG. 11) and waits for the conveyor 37 to trip. Upontripping, the drawer would then be pulled back to the rearmost positionas bird transfer commenced (FIG. 9) and then pushed forward whilsttransfer continued (FIG. 10). Operation from FIG. 11 onwards thenremains the same.

The complete assembly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 constitutes a mobilepoultry packing machine which has, in addition, a poultry catching unit7. The mobile packing machine and catching unit 7 operate satisfactorilywhen the chickens to be caught are accommodated in a large unobstructedspace which allows sweeping movement of the catching unit 7. However,many poultry houses have internal posts or stanchions making accessdifficult to a large machine like that of FIGS. 1 and 2. Moreover,poultry houses commonly have low roofs, giving insufficient internalheight for satisfactory access and operation of the packing machine ofFIGS. 1 and 2. The arrangements of FIGS. 16 to 24 are intended toovercome these possible problems.

Referring to FIGS. 16 to 19, the mobile packing machine 52 illustratedtherein is identical to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, except that at theforward end the packing machine 52 has a reception hopper 53 which issupplied with poultry by a separate catching vehicle 54 (FIGS. 19 to22). The hopper 53 is mounted at the front of the tractor 1 andcomprises a central transport conveyor 55 which is driven in thedirection of the arrow to deliver poultry to the conveyor 10 and thence,via the horizontally and vertically pivotable conveyor 12, to thebatching apparatus 17.

On respective sides of the transport conveyor 55, the hopper has twopanels 56 which are pivotable about substantially horizontal axes 57(FIG. 18) at their inboard edges, so as to be movable between loweredpositions (full lines in FIG. 18) and raised positions (broken lines inFIG. 18). In their raised position, the panels 56 converge downwardlytowards the conveyor 55. Therefore, progressive pivotal movement of thepanels 56 from their lowered positions to their raised positions causesprogressive delivery, by a gentle and progressive tipping action, ofpoultry within the hopper onto the conveyor 55.

Reference will now be made to FIGS. 20, 21 and 22 which show thecatching vehicle 54. This is a separate motive power unit, for examplebased on a small four-wheeled, diesel-engined horticultural or gardentractor 58 modified in the manner to be described to render it suitableto catch, hold and transfer poultry to the hopper 53.

On respective sides of the tractor are fitted conveyor assemblies 59.These are identical and each is movable between a raised transportposition (for transport to the hopper and unloading onto the hopper 53)and a lowered position (for catching birds from the poultry housefloor). Each assembly 59 comprises, starting at the front thereof andmoving rearwardly: a poultry catching head 60 which is operative togather poultry and draw the birds onto the front of the conveyorassembly 59, (arrows 62); an elevating conveyor 63 onto which thepoultry is delivered by the head 60; an accumulating conveyor 64 ontowhich the poultry is delivered by the elevating conveyor 63; and a flap61 pivotally movable about a substantially horizontal axis 65 (FIG. 22)along its top edge between a closed position (full lines in FIG. 22) andan open position displaced from the closed position by about 90°, asindicated by the arrow 66 in FIG. 22.

FIG. 19 shows the poultry packing machine 52 (with hopper 53) positionedin the central aisle of a poultry house 67. The catching vehicle 54 isadvancing into the flock of chickens 68 confined within the house 67.The catching vehicle 54 is sufficiently compact and maneuverable to passbetween the vertical posts 69 of the poultry house 67 and to enter theside aisles of the house, whilst the poultry packing machine 52 remainsin its illustrated position in the central aisle. As the catchingvehicle 54 moves forwardly into the flock of chickens, the birds aregently gathered and transferred from the floor of the poultry house ontoboth elevating conveyors 63 which are driven at a sufficient speed tokeep the catching heads 60 clear. The birds are carried up the elevatingconveyors 63 and delivered onto the respective accumulating conveyors64. The flaps 61 are maintained in their closed positions to cause thebirds to accumulate on the accumulating conveyors 64.

When the correct number of birds have been lifted onto the accumulatingconveyors 64, determined either by the operator driving the catchingvehicle 54 or by an automatic weight or number sensing device, theelevating conveyors 63 and accumulating conveyors 64 are stopped andraised to their transport positions with the accumulating conveyors 64horizontal. The catching vehicle 54 is then driven back to the hopper53. On reaching the hopper 53, the catching vehicle is reversed up tothe hopper to allow the rear of the accumulating conveyors to overhangthe hopper. The flaps 61 are then pivoted to the open positions and thedrive to the conveyors 63 and 64 is applied to cause the birds on theaccumulating conveyors 64 to be transferred onto the hopper 53 which atthis stage has its conveyor 55 running and its panels 56 in the loweredpositions thereof. A sensing device on the hopper 53 detects thepresence of the catching vehicle 54 and acts to ensure that the conveyor55 is driven and the panels 56 remain in their lowered positions duringthe final approach of the catching vehicle 54, its unloading and itsdeparture. During unloading of the birds into the hopper 53, thecatching vehicle 54 may be reversed with an inching movement to promoteeven distribution of the birds on the area of the hopper 53.

At the conclusion of the transfer of the birds from the two accumulatingconveyors 64 to the hopper 53, the flaps 61 are returned to their closedpositions and the catching vehicle 54 moves away from the hopper 53towards the flock of chickens remaining on the floor of the poultryhouse 67. On reaching the flock, the catching vehicle operator lowersthe elevating and accumulating conveyors 63, 64 and catching heads 60 totheir operative positions (FIG. 22), starts the catching heads 60 andconveyors 63, 64 and repeats the gathering, accumulating and deliverycycle.

After the catching vehicle 54 leaves the hopper 53, the hopper panels 56are pivoted to their raised positions, either in a continuous movementor in a series of indexing movements, by hydraulic cylinders. Theraising of the panels 56 causes the birds to slide down on the transportconveyor 55. After a predetermined time the panels 56 are returned totheir lowered positions ready for the next approach of the catchingvehicle 54.

FIG. 19 illustrates how a forklift truck 70 transfers filled modules(from the position 24 on the trailer 3) to a road transport vehicle 72drawn up outside the access door of the poultry house 67. On the returntrip of the forklift truck 70, empty modules are transferred from theroad transport vehicle to the packing machine 52. There may besituations where it is more convenient for the packing machine 52 notfully to enter the poultry house 67. For example, the packing machine 52may be positioned so that it is partially inside and partially outsidethe poultry house, it being appreciated that the hopper end of thepacking machine 52 will face the poultry to be gathered so that thecatching vehicle 54 can gain access to the hopper 53.

FIG. 23 illustrates a possible positioning in which the hopper 53 ispositioned in the access doorway of the poultry house 67, and FIG. 24shows the possibility of the poultry packing machine 52 being built on aroad transport vehicle which is positioned wholly outside the poultryhouse, the catching vehicle 54 transferring the poultry from inside thehouse to the hopper 53 outside the house. In this case modules areloaded on and off the trailer 3 from the side thereof.

In each of the described arrangements using a catching vehicle, twooperatives only are required, one to drive the catching vehicle 54 andthe other to drive the forklift truck 70.

More than one catching vehicle 54 can serve a single packing machine 52.Birds may be loaded into the hopper 53 by other means, e.g. manually bya conveyor.

In each loading unit 28 previously described, the receptacle 33 has aweight sensor which means that each batch of poultry transferred to adrawer 19 corresponds to a predetermined minimum weight, or falls withinan acceptable weight range. Batching of the poultry may alternatively bedone by counting the chickens instead of weighing them, and thispossibility is illustrated in FIGS. 25 and 26.

One of the conveyors transporting the chickens to the apparatus 17 isequipped with a counter. In the example of FIGS. 25 and 26, the conveyor12 is shown fitted with a counter 74 in the form of a photoelectricdevice which scans the conveyor 12 adjacent its downstream end, the scanbeing represented diagrammatically by the broken lines 75. Ultrasonicsensors may alternatively be used. The width of the conveyor 12 isdivided into two channels 76 by a dividing roller 77 followed by avertical partition 78. The roller 77 is fixed (or alternativelyrotatable about a vertical axis) and the partition 78 is fixed withrespect to side walls 79 and a top panel of the conveyor, the movablebelt of which is shown at 80. The roller 77 and the partition 78 causethe approaching chickens to be divided into two streams (in therespective channels 76), as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 26. In eachchannel 76, the chickens are in single file to enable accurate countingto be undertaken by the counter 74. The width of the conveyor 12 may bedivided into more than two channels by the use of additional partitions.

The photoelectric devices of the counter 74 are linked to amicroprocessor which includes means for counting the chickens passingthe counter. A predetermined count may be entered into themicroprocessor so that when this count is reached the conveyor belt 80is stopped and the counted batch of chickens in the receptacle 33 isemptied into a corresponding drawer 19. It will be appreciated that ifthe apparatus includes a counter, the receptacle does not need to befitted with a weight sensor, although both may be employed together,e.g. where the batches are to have defined weights and defined numbersof chickens.

FIGS. 27 and 28 illustrate a mobile packing machine in the form of aflat-bed lorry the load area of which carries batching apparatus 17according to the invention. This hatching apparatus corresponds to thebatching apparatus previously described except that in FIGS. 27 and 28the loading units 28 do not shift vertically. The conveyor 12 does nottherefore need to accommodate vertical movement of the loading units 28,but the downstream end of the conveyor swings about a vertical axis todeliver poultry to the loading units 28 in turn, as previouslydescribed. The lorry also carries a hopper 53 for receiving poultry froma catching vehicle 54 and a conveyor 12, including the counter describedwith reference to FIGS. 25 and 26. In FIGS. 27 and 28, the three loadingunits 28 do not shift vertically: instead the lorry supports a scissorlift which progressively lifts each module 18 to enable the drawers 19in the module to be filled with poultry (by pulling each empty drawerout of the module and pushing each loaded drawer into the module aspreviously described), commencing with the upper level of drawers in themodule and finishing with the lowest level of drawers in the module.

A module with empty drawers is delivered (arrows 82) to the infeedposition adjacent the lorry cab. A conveyor chain 83 moves the modulerearwardly (arrow 81) to a position above the scissor lift where,initially, the three loading units 28 are in horizontal register withthe uppermost level of drawers 19 in the module. The drawers in thisuppermost level are loaded with batches of poultry, as previouslydescribed. After this, the module is indexed upwardly, (arrow 85) toallow the drawers in the successive module levels to be loaded withpoultry. When all the tiers or levels in the module are loaded withpoultry, the module is further raised by the scissor lift to an offtakeposition 86, allowing the scissor lift to lower to its bottom positionready to accept the next module of empty containers 19. The loadedmodule is removed (arrows 87) from the offtake position, e.g. by a forklift truck.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 29 to 33, which show a modifiedconstruction of batching apparatus suitable for use in loading withpoultry a module having a stack of containers which, instead of beingwithdrawable from the module, are fixed in position but are providedwith front opening flaps.

The modified apparatus comprises a batching receptacle 100 to whichpoultry is delivered in one of the ways heretofore described. Thus,reference 102 denotes the end of the loading conveyor, whereat a sensor104 is provided for counting poultry as they are delivered into thebatching receptacle. As before, the batching receptacle has an openableflap 106 at its output.

The cage-type module 108 comprising the stack of fixed containers 110 isdelivered by a conveyor or other suitable means on to a lifting unit112, so that the containers 110 can be elevated in steps past the outputof the batching receptacle 100, whereby the containers can be filledwith poultry in turn. The front openable flaps 114 of the containers canbe opened and closed, in sequence, by a flap opening unit 116, which asillustrated is hydraulically operated, although other forms of drivecould be employed instead.

Associated with and carried by the batching receptacle 110 is a deliverymeans 188. In practice, the batching receptacle includes a conveyor 120for feeding poultry from the input to the output of the batchingreceptacle, whilst the delivery means comprises a delivery conveyor 118.This delivery conveyor 118 is extendable from beneath the batchingreceptacle to enter into a selected container when the front flap 114 ofthe container is open.

FIG. 29 shows the module 108 in process of being elevated. A hook 122 onthe end of the piston of the flap opening unit 116 has engaged the topof the flap 114 of the uppermost container 110 and is ready to pull itopen. Meanwhile, delivery of poultry into the batching receptacle iscommencing, the output flap 106 of the receptacle being closed. Thedelivery conveyor 118 is retracted.

FIG. 30 shows the container flap 114 opened as the elevation of themodule has progressed. This elevating movement has now ceased with thebottom of the uppermost container 110 just below the level of thedelivery conveyor 118, which remains fully retracted. The piston of theflap opening unit has withdrawn. Delivery of the poultry into thebatching receptacle 100 is continuing, but the output flap 106 remainsclosed.

In FIG. 31, poultry are continuing to be delivered and counted into thebatching receptacle 100, with the output flap 106 still closed. However,the delivery conveyor 118 has been extended to cooperate with and enterthe uppermost container 110.

FIG. 32 shows the position after the batching receptacle 100 has beenfilled with a predetermined number of poultry counted by the sensor 104and, optionally under the control of this sensor, loading of poultryinto the receptacle has ceased and the output flap 106 of the hatchingreceptacle 100 has been opened, whereby poultry are being delivered fromthe receptacle conveyor 120 on to the delivery conveyor 118 and thenceinto the uppermost container 110. Optionally, as the container 110 isprogressively filled, the delivery conveyor 118 may progressivelyretract.

Finally, FIG. 33 shows the uppermost container 110 filled with apredetermined number of poultry, its front openable flap 114 now closedwith a simple pushing action by the flap opening unit 116. The deliverycontainer 118 is again fully retracted, and loading of poultry into thebatching receptacle 100 is recommencing. The lifting unit 112 is nowprepared to lift the module by an mount corresponding to the depth ofone container, so that the next to uppermost container 110 of the module108 will be filled with a predetermined number of poultry, in analogousmanner to the above-described procedure by which the uppermost containerhas been filled.

In practice, the cage-type module 108 will usually comprise severalside-by-side stacks of fixed containers 110 each with a front openingflap 114.

Thus, as heretofore described, a number of units each comprising abatching receptacle 100 and a delivery means 118 may be arranged side byside and operate in synchronism as the module 108 is elevated in steps.Additionally or alternatively, however, the hatching receptacle, withits associated delivery means, may be mounted for movement in ahorizontal plane so as to deliver poultry to one stack after the other.Moreover, it is also possible to mount the batching receptacle and itsassociated delivery means for vertical movement, possibly to dispensewith requirement for the lifting unit 112. The flap opening unit 116 canalso be dispensed with if manual opening and closing of the from flaps114 of the containers is acceptable. The poultry counting sensor 104 maybe replaced by a weight sensor if preferred and as hereinbefore referredto.

What is claimed is:
 1. Apparatus for loading poultry into containers,comprising a batching receptacle for receiving a batch of poultrycorresponding to the capacity of a container, the batching receptaclehaving an input to receive the poultry and an output to discharge thepoultry, the batching receptacle being operable to move the poultry fromthe input to the output, and shifting means for withdrawing a containerfrom a module accommodating a plurality of such containers, moving thecontainer into the apparatus for loading the container with a batch ofpoultry from the batching receptacle and for discharging the loadedcontainer from the apparatus and returning the container to the module.2. Apparatus according to claim 1 and in combination with the containerswhich are open-topped containers.
 3. Apparatus according to claim 2,wherein the batching receptacle has in its base a conveyor which isoperative to move the poultry from an input end to an output endthereof, at which a movable door or flap is provided, the door or flapbeing movable between a closed position in which it closes the outputend and prevents the poultry leaving the batching receptacle and an openposition in which poultry in the batching receptacle is allowed to passinto an open-topped container moved into the apparatus for loadingthereof.
 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the batchingreceptacle has sensing means which sense the weight of poultry in thebatching receptacle and which, when a predetermined weight of poultry inthe receptacle is reached, causes cessation of the delivery of poultryto the hatching receptacle and movement of the door or flap to the openposition to allow unloading of the batch of poultry from the batchingreceptacle into the appropriate container.
 5. Apparatus according toclaim 3 and in combination with a counter for counting the number ofbirds delivered to the batching receptacle and causing cessation ofdelivery of poultry to the batching receptacle and movement of the dooror flap to its open position when a predetermined number of birds hasbeen received into the batching receptacle.
 6. Apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the batching receptacle is vertically movable so as tobe capable of alignment with a selected container in a column ofcontainers accommodated in a module, a loading conveyor which deliverspoultry to the batching receptacle being capable of moving in a verticalplane to accommodate this vertical movement of the batching receptacle.7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein to increase poultry handlingcapacity and to enable the apparatus to function with a standard moduleaccommodating an array or matrix of containers in a plurality ofcolumns, the batching receptacle and the shifting means form one loadingunit of a plurality of such units arranged side by side and inrespective alignment with the columns of the containers in the module,operation of the apparatus being synchronized so that the loadingconveyor is movable horizontally to load the batching receptacles inturn, each batching receptacle and the associated shifting means loadingcontainers from successive levels of the appropriate column ofcontainers in turn, such that the capacity of the apparatus to batch thepoultry matches the delivery rate of poultry to the apparatus by theloading conveyor.
 8. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theapparatus is in combination with means for vertically moving a modulewith respect to the batching receptacle the module containing a stack ortier of containers.
 9. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theshifting means comprise a hook which is horizontally movable to pull anempty container into the apparatus for loading and to push a loadedcontainer out of the apparatus.
 10. Apparatus according to claim 9,wherein the hook is shaped so as automatically to engage a containerwhen the hook is advanced towards an empty container, the hook beingcapable of being lifted to cause displacement of the hook from theloaded container.
 11. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theapparatus is rendered mobile by being mounted on wheels and being incombination with traction means, the combination constituting a mobilepoultry packing machine.
 12. A mobile poultry packing machine accordingto claim 11, wherein the machine has a receiving location to receivepoultry, conveyors being provided to convey the poultry from thereceiving location to the series of batching receptacles.
 13. A mobilepoultry packing machine according to claim 12, wherein the receivinglocation is constituted by a catching unit, mounted on the front end ofan arm which swings from side to side to gather poultry from a poultryhouse.
 14. A mobile poultry packing machine according to claim 11, andin combination with a separate catching vehicle capable of movingindependently of the apparatus, to catch live poultry, and bring thepoultry to a receiving location from where the poultry are conveyed tothe series of hatching receptacles.
 15. A mobile poultry packing machineaccording to claim 14, wherein the catching vehicle is sufficientlycompact and maneuverable to enable it to reach virtually all parts ofthe floor area of a typical poultry house, being able to pass intoaisles defined by internal posts or stanchions in the house and beingable to pass between such posts or stanchions.
 16. A mobile poultrypacking machine according to claim 15, wherein the catching vehicle hasa pair of conveyor arrangements on respective sides of the catchingvehicle, the front end of each conveyor arrangement being equipped witha poultry catching head and the rear end being equipped with a flapcontrollably movable between a closed position closing the rear end ofthe corresponding conveyor arrangement and an open position in whichpoultry can be delivered from the rear end of the conveyor arrangementto the receiving location on the packing machine.
 17. A mobile poultrypacking machine according to claim 16, wherein each conveyor arrangementis itself liftable between a lowered poultry-gathering position and araised poultry-discharging position, with each conveyor arrangementincluding a foremost elevating conveyor, extending upwardly andrearwardly towards an accumulating conveyor at the rear of which islocated the controllably movable flap.
 18. A mobile poultry packingmachine according to claim 11, wherein the machine includes a receivinghopper at the receiving location of the packing machine, a transportconveyor for conveying poultry away from the hopper and loading meansfor progressively loading poultry within the hopper into the transportconveyor, so that a substantially uniform flow rate of poultry from thehopper is achieved.
 19. A mobile poultry packing machine according toclaim 18, wherein the loading means comprise two base panels positionedon respective sides of the transport conveyor, the base panels beingpivotable about substantially horizontal axes to respective raisedpositions in which each base panel is inclined downwardly towards thetransport conveyor so that progressive pivotal movement of the two basepanels from lowered positions thereof causes progressive delivery ofpoultry within the hopper onto the transport conveyor.
 20. A method ofloading poultry into containers, comprising delivering the poultry to abatching receptacle until the receptacle contains a quantity of poultrycorresponding to the capacity of a container, at which time the supplyto the receptacle is interrupted and the batch of poultry in thereceptacle is delivered to a container occupying a loading positionbeneath the receptacle, to which position the container has been movedfrom a module accommodating a plurality of such containers, and movingthe container, now loaded with the batch of poultry, out of theapparatus and back into the module, and correspondingly loadingremaining containers in the module until all the containers in themodule are loaded with poultry.
 21. A mobile poultry packing machinecomprising a wheeled vehicle carrying means for supporting a modulecontaining a plurality of containers, a plurality of loading units eachincluding a batching receptacle and shifting means operative to withdrawa container out of the module and into a position in which the containercan be loaded with a batch of poultry and then to return a loadedcontainer to the module, means for effecting relative vertical movementbetween the module and the loading units to enable containers atdifferent levels in the module to be loaded, and counting means forloading each hatching receptacle with a predetermined number of chickenscorresponding to the desired number of chickens in each container.
 22. Amobile poultry packing machine according to claim 21 and in combinationwith a separate catching vehicle for catching chickens and deliveringthem to a receiving location on the mobile packing machine.
 23. Acombination according to claim 22, wherein the mobile packing machinehas a conveyor which delivers poultry from the receiving location to theloading units, the conveyor being fitted with said counting means whichcounts the number of chickens passing along the conveyor.
 24. Acombination according to claim 23, wherein the conveyor has dividingpanel means which divides the width of the conveyor into a plurality ofchannels down each of which the chickens are constrained to pass insingle file, to facilitate accurate counting by the counting means.